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Modern Zionism, Herzl, the Holocaust and statehood

The programme adopted by the First Zionist Congress

Long-established Jewish communities before the First Aliyah

Israel, Judah, deportations and Persian-period return

Roman Judaea, revolts and Hadrianic reorganisation

Bar Kokhba revolt and Roman provincial changes

Geographic forms of Palestine before Hadrian

Gradual Islamisation and continuing non-Muslim communities

Substantial Middle Eastern-related ancestry among modern regional populations

Mandate terms, historical connection and civil and religious rights

Population, competing claims and partition recommendation

Statehood, equality language and appeal to Arab inhabitants

Pre-1948 Jewish civic use of the geographic term Palestine

Documentary image of Jewish Jerusalem before the British Mandate

Palestinian collective identity in the late Ottoman period

Levantine continuity and later admixture

Babylonian destruction, deportation and Persian return

The revolt, destruction, displacement and hopes of return

Old Yishuv, First Aliyah and the modern movement

Early extra-biblical reference to a people called Israel

Contemporary estimate of Palestinian refugees from Israeli-held territory

Traditional petitions for gathering exiles, rebuilding Jerusalem and restoration

Medievally documented liturgical expression of longing for Jerusalem

Anti-Jewish violence in the Russian Empire and its effects on migration and politics

Political antisemitism in emancipated France and the affair’s influence on Herzl

Post-Holocaust anti-Jewish violence in Poland

State-directed anti-Jewish violence in Nazi Germany

Nazi persecution and murder of six million European Jews

The Peel Commission partition proposal and its terms

Recommendation for Arab and Jewish states and an international Jerusalem

Resolution declaring Zionism a form of racism and racial discrimination

Revocation of Resolution 3379 by a vote of 111–25 with 13 abstentions

Development of Palestinian identity before and during the Mandate

Non-binding presidential parameters for final-status negotiations

Unofficial description of progress and remaining gaps at Taba

US proposal for conditional Palestinian statehood, rejected by Palestinian leadership

Jewish communities across Arab and Muslim-majority countries before and after 1948

Intercommunal fighting, Israeli independence and the entry of neighbouring Arab armies

Local causes of Palestinian flight and expulsion and the debate over planning

Palestinian interpretation of Plan Dalet and the refugee crisis

Citizenship by return, residence, birth and naturalisation

Technical amendments including a population-registry gap for children born in Israel

Population estimate of 2.157 million Arabs, 21.1 percent of the resident population

First independent Arab party to become a formal member of an Israeli governing coalition

George Karra presided over the district-court panel that convicted former President Moshe Katsav

Salim Joubran sat on the five-justice Supreme Court panel deciding Ehud Olmert’s appeal

Kabub’s permanent appointment to Israel’s Supreme Court

Different military-service arrangements for Druze, Circassian and other Arab communities

Voluntary national-civic service and participation by Arab society

Records MK Ahmad Tibi’s statement that 11,000 Arab physicians were active; not an independently verified statistical release

Egyptian-Syrian surprise attack and the war’s 1967 territorial context

Protection against desecration and interference with access to holy places

Statutory protection for holy places and freedom of access

Legal protections, recognised communities, restrictions and reported religious-freedom concerns

Prohibits specified forms of employment discrimination, subject to statutory exceptions

Prohibits specified discrimination in public products, services and places, subject to exceptions

Defines and criminalises intentional incitement to racism

Section 7A addresses candidate lists and candidates whose aims or actions include incitement to racism, through the statutory electoral process

Official listing of current parliamentary factions and their members

Nazi racial definitions and removal of Jewish citizenship

International responses to Jewish refugees from Nazi persecution

Occupation, ghettos, forced labour and escalating anti-Jewish persecution

Mobile killing units and the murder of more than one million civilians, primarily Jews

Purpose-built centres of mass murder in German-occupied Poland

More than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons in Germany, Austria and Italy

Attempts to bring Jewish refugees to Mandatory Palestine despite British restrictions

The anti-Jewish pogrom in Baghdad and its Iraqi political context

Chronology and documentation of the destruction of European Jewry

British restrictions on Jewish immigration to Mandatory Palestine

Herzl’s pre-Holocaust case for Jewish political sovereignty

Hebrew’s transition into a modern spoken language

The university’s establishment and opening before Israeli independence

Development of organised Jewish healthcare before statehood

Archival record of globally diverse Jewish immigration into Israel

Archival presentation of the declaration and statehood

Debate and rejection of the East Africa proposal

British support for a national home for the Jewish people

Recognition of the Jewish Agency under the Mandate framework

Extra-biblical reference to the House of David and the kingdoms of Israel and Judah

Assyrian record naming Judah, Hezekiah and Jerusalem

Hebrew inscriptions from the kingdom of Judah around 600 BCE

Arab conquest of Jerusalem during the seventh century

Date, setting and Islamic significance of the Dome of the Rock

Statutory protection of holy places from desecration and of freedom of access for members of all religions

Withdrawal of UNEF, closure of the Straits of Tiran, and the course of the June 1967 war

Jordanian control of the Old City 1948–1967 and Israeli control from June 1967

Airlifts bringing Yemenite and Iraqi Jews to Israel

Airlift of more than 14,000 Ethiopian Jews to Israel in about 36 hours, May 1991

Refuseniks, the global campaign for Soviet Jews and emigration to Israel

Camp David Accords (1978) and the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty signed 26 March 1979

Text of the 26 October 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty

Normalisation agreements between Israel and the UAE and Bahrain (2020), later joined by Morocco and Sudan

Hijacking of Air France flight 139 and the Israeli rescue at Entebbe, 4 July 1976

Desalination and reuse of most treated wastewater for agriculture

WHO classification of Israel’s IDF field hospital as an emergency medical team

The Protocols were a forgery produced in the Russian Empire and exposed as plagiarism by The Times in 1921

The blood libel originated in medieval England (Norwich, 1144) and was repeatedly condemned by popes

Medieval restrictions pushed Jews into moneylending; deicide charge and well-poisoning accusations during the Black Death

The Catholic Church declared that the death of Jesus cannot be charged against all Jews then living or Jews today

Examples include conspiracy myths of Jewish control and accusing Jews of being more loyal to Israel than their own nations

Official notice that the motion passed 1,022–813, established an anti-Zionist policy and defined Zionism as an ethnonationalist political project

The European Green Party unequivocally distanced itself from the motion and reaffirmed self-determination for Israelis and Palestinians

Documents Jewish identity as religion, ancestry and culture, including adults who identify as Jews of no religion

Records UN membership rising from 51 founding members in 1945 to 193 member states, with admission dates for each state